本事务中第一次读取出一行,做了一次更新后,另一个事务里提交的数据就出现了。也可以看做是一种幻读。
附说明
那么,InnoDB指出的可以避免幻读是怎么回事呢?
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/innodb-record-level-locks.html
By default, InnoDB operatesin REPEATABLE READ transaction isolation level and with the innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog system variable disabled. In this case, InnoDB uses next-key locks for searches and index scans, which prevents phantom rows (see Section 13.6.8.5, “Avoidingthe Phantom Problem Using Next-Key Locking”).
准备的理解是,当隔离级别是可重复读,且禁用innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog的情况下,在搜索和扫描index的时候使用的next-keylocks可以避免幻读。
关键点在于,是InnoDB默认对一个普通的查询也会加next-key locks,还是说需要应用自己来加锁呢?如果单看这一句,可能会以为InnoDB对普通的查询也加了锁,如果是,那和序列化(SERIALIZABLE)的区别又在哪里呢?
MySQL manual里还有一段:
13.2.8.5. Avoiding the PhantomProblem Using Next-Key Locking (http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/innodb-next-key-locking.html)
Toprevent phantoms, InnoDB
usesan algorithm called next-key
locking that combinesindex-row locking with gap locking.
Youcan use next-key locking to implement a uniqueness check in your application:If you read your data in share mode and do not see a duplicate for a row you are going to insert, then you can safely insert your row and know that the next-key lock set on the success or of your row during the read prevents anyone mean while inserting a duplicate for your row. Thus, the next-key locking enables you to “lock” the nonexistence of something in your table.
我的理解是说,InnoDB提供了next-key locks,但需要应用程序自己去加锁。manual里提供一个例子:
SELECT * FROM child WHERE id> 100 FOR UPDATE;
这样,InnoDB会给id大于100的行(假如child表里有一行id为102),以及100-102,102+的gap都加上锁。
可以使用show engine innodb status来查看是否给表加上了锁。
再看一个实验,要注意,表t_bitfly里的id为主键字段。
实验4-3: